2. Put your proposals and arguments in the context of an interconnected world.
3. Explain why your proposals are smart/effective/pragmatic/realistic in the context of today's world. Reference big ideas about sound decision making, leadership, or management.
4. Explain why your proposals are the right thing to do. Evoke big ideas familiar to Americans about decent behavior.
6. Stress a "can-do" approach. Don't open with fear, guilt, or comments that overwhelm listeners about the enormity and complexity of problems.
13. Avoid jargon and acronyms. (See "Wonk-Speak Translator.")
15. Use numbers sparingly and put them in context.
- Emphasize "helping people in other countries help themselves over the long term" and helping people become "self-sufficient."
- Portray people and groups in developing countries as capable and responsible partners.
- Make a connection between fighting poverty and despair and building a better and safer world for our children.
- Use the concept of "investing" (in people, in global economic growth, in a better and safer world for our kids ...).
- Don't start with the gargantuan scope of the development challenge. Don't start with words or images that try to guilt-trip or sadden people into action (e.g., pictures of crying, starving children). Focus first on the good that can be done or is already being done, and only later look at how much needs to get done.
- Don't portray the poor as helpless victims; this reinforces a sense of hopelessness among audiences.
- Don't portray America in ways that sound paternalistic.

- Try to strike a balance between moral and practical imperatives. The right relative emphasis between the two depends on the audience. Religious and progressive audiences will tend to respond more readily to a moral justification. Business or veterans' organizations may respond better to a more even mix of moral and practical arguments. Combine arguments only when you are comfortable making both cases.
- It may be helpful, with business audiences in particular, to point out potential win-win opportunities in investing in poor countries (e.g., "in the big picture, alleviating poverty and promoting economic development is a win-win proposition; it can contribute to the global economy and benefit us all").
- Be careful about overemphasizing the poverty-terror nexus, which may polarize many nonexpert citizen audiences. However, this argument may be persuasive to sophisticated policy audiences.
- To avoid being perceived as overstating the links between poverty and terrorism, try introducing your arguments with a variation on the following: "Terrorists exploit (weak states, weak links in the change, the conditions, etc.)." (See this section also for specific advice on terrorism.)
- In the light of widespread dissatisfaction with both terms "foreign aid" and "development assistance" -- and the fact that both shorthand terms are jargon that may have strong negative connotations -- you may be better off trying to replace them when you can with words that more clearly describe what you're talking about -- for example, "investments in education and health that can help citizens in poor countries help themselves." In the final analysis, emphasizing efficacy and pointing to partners may be more important than what you call it. (Note: Several major NGOs have made a conscious decision, based on opinion research, to use the term "development assistance" instead of foreign aid.)
Interconnected World In this interconnected world, how people in other countries live
affects the U.S. -- how our economy grows, whether we share
the diseases and insecurity that flourish in poverty, how we do at
honoring the basic rights and values that unite us as human
beings. Leaders in politics, business, entertainment, and religion agree: As people
outside the U.S. gain access to fundamental freedoms, modern sources of energy, basic
education, and decent jobs, we gain as well.
- Innovators and community leaders around the world are working for the same goals --
healthy communities, growth out of poverty, human dignity, better lives for our
children. Supporting them gains us partners for the future.
- When we put all the pieces together, change is real: Many Americans care about the fate of
the Brazilian rainforest, the "lungs of the planet," for example; but it took environmental
groups and governments in Brazil, the U.S., and elsewhere to help Brazilians find good
jobs and farmland that didn't depend on cutting trees, education about why rainforests
matter, and support for tourism and biomedical research that can make these forests valuable
resources. Now, for the first time, the rate at which the forests are disappearing has slowed.
- When we support change in one area, it pays off in others. Just sending a child to
primary school, for example, helps boys and girls live longer, have healthier families,
prevent diseases like HIV/AIDS, get better jobs, and earn more money -- lifting up
their own communities, their countries, and eventually the global economy.
- When we support people at the grassroots level with vision and commitment to help
them improve their own communities, the change is lasting. The most successful
support for AIDS orphans in Africa, for example, builds on the efforts of churches,
mosques, and communities to care for their own children. People with next to nothing
themselves were already organized to take in children, feed and care for them, and help
them remember their parents -- what they needed was help with buying textbooks and
medicines, and in preventing the kids themselves from catching HIV/AIDS.
Investment Investing in global economic growth -- which will have a crucial
effect on our own economic future -- means investing in people. We can help people living in poverty seize the opportunity to improve their own lives. Just
as at home, we can support governments in making economic rules that balance market
forces with citizens' rights. And we can promote global rules on trade that are fair for
everyone.
- With trade supporting almost a fourth of U.S. national income and one in nine jobs,
our economic prospects are more intertwined than ever with those of other countries.
- Conditions differ around the world, but the foundations of healthy societies are the
same everywhere: strong communities, a clean physical environment, and work that
enables people to meet their needs with dignity.
- Investing in health improves economic growth. World Bank data show that Africa's
economic growth rate per person would have been almost three times higher in the
1990s without the costs of HIV/AIDS.
- It's about opportunity, not money. Economists estimate that with fairer global trade
rules, African countries could earn six times what they receive in assistance from
wealthy countries every year. And if all poor countries' share of world trade increased
by just 1 percent, their income growth would lift 128 million people out of poverty.
Pragmatism Effectiveness Helping responsible governments get stronger, offering their
own people hope for a better future, is a smart investment in our
own security Direct threats to U.S. security (e.g., terrorism) and social threats (e.g., illegal
drugs, dangerous new diseases, and tainted foodstuffs) take root and grow in countries where
lawlessness prevails. We fight terrorism by stopping its training camps and financiers overseas;
we fight diseases like SARS and avian flu by catching and treating epidemics abroad before
they reach our shores. But we can't win these fights if other governments are not capable of
fighting along with us. So when we invest in training health care workers or in rebuilding
government institutions after a civil war, we are investing in our own future as well.
- We depend on partners with strong and stable governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The governments of Ghana and South Africa offer economic hope and peacekeeping
strength in West and Southern Africa. And the U.S. stopped SARS and avian flu from
causing U.S. epidemics by working with well-established governments in Southeast Asia.
- Our security, prosperity, and health are especially linked to our neighbors in Mexico,
the Caribbean, and Latin America. The more these countries and regions have
responsible governments that can meet their people's needs and have innovative
economies that create jobs and offer hope, the better off we will be as well.
- When terrorists, drug dealers, and criminals exploit nations with weak governments or
civil wars to make money and find safe havens, we feel the effects. Al Qaeda ran
businesses in war-torn Sudan and bought diamonds during Sierra Leone's civil war.
Drug dealers thrive in chaotic Afghanistan and violent Colombia.
Right Thing To Do: American Values Americans believe that our actions should fit our values. We believe
that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness -- and in justice and
opportunity for all. Americans possess uncommon generosity toward those in need. With
the right investments, we can be a real force for change and opportunity in the lives of others.
- We are a generous country, and donations by private Americans are among the highest
in the world. Those donations could get more done if our government used its resources
to set the stage for private success -- and raised its rate of spending to fight poverty, which
today is the second-lowest per person of all the wealthy nations. That allows many other
countries to believe that we don't care and to overlook Americans' private generosity.
- When Americans in focus groups are told that just $50 per American per year above current
government efforts could cut world hunger in half, 75 percent respond positively -- surprised
that we would hesitate to spend such a modest sum if such a significant result were possible.
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