Anne-Marie Slaughter
Dean, Woodrow Wilson School
"We can achieve far more through persuasion than bullying, through humility than arrogance,
through generosity than sanctions, through the force of example than the example of force.
We can be the nation that accepts constraints even when it doesn't have to, guided by
principles rather than power."
Robert Kagan
Senior Associate, Carnegie Endownment for International Peace
"The United States can neither appear to be acting only in its self-interest, nor can it in fact
act as if its own national interest were all that mattered. Even at times of dire emergency,
and perhaps especially at those times, the world's sole superpower needs to demonstrate that it
wields is great power on behalf of its principles and all who share them."
"America shows the world that it is possible for people of all colors, creeds, and nationalities
to live side by side in peace and freedom. That is the most important lesson for the world
to learn right now."
Joseph Nye
Dean, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
"Military power and economic power are both examples of hard command power that can
be used to induce others to change their position. Hard power can rest on inducements
(carrots) or threats (sticks). But there is also an indirect way to exercise power. A country
may obtain the outcomes it wants in world politics because other countries want to follow
it, admiring its values, emulating its example, aspiring to its level of prosperity and
openness. In this sense, it is just as important to set the agenda in world politics and
attract others as it is to force them to change through the threat or use of military or
economic weapons ... If the United States represents values that others want to follow, it
will cost us less to lead."
John Ikenberry
Professor, Georgetown
University
"A global backlash to U.S. power is not inevitable. ... Our leaders have the ideas, means
and political institutions that can allow for [order] even in the midst of [asymmetries] of
power... But the United States needs to rediscover the solutions that it has brought to the
problem of unequal power in the past. These solutions are celebrated in our national
political tradition. The rule of law, constitutional principles and inclusive institutions of
political participation ensure that governance is not simply a product of wealth or power.
The wealthy and the powerful must operate within principled institutional parameters.
Because a rule-based order generates more stable and cooperative relations within the
country, even the wealthy and powerful gain by avoiding social upheaval, which puts
everyone's interests at risk. America can once again take this old domestic insight and use
it to shape post-Cold War international relations. And it is time to do so now, when
America's relative power may be at its peak."
Richard Haass
President, Council on Foreign Relations
"Counterterrorism ... is a priority, not an organizing principle for American foreign policy.
It will influence the focus of attention and resources and will require that we address other
foreign policy challenges such as state failure and nation building. But counterterrorism
cannot be a doctrine. There are simply too many critical issues for which opposition to
terrorism provides little or no direction, including implementing a new global trade agenda,
building civil societies or advancing democracy around the world, meeting the transnational
challenges from infectious disease to climate change that increasingly define this era, or
integrating China, Russia, India and others into the major undertakings of this era."
Michael Hirsh
Senior Editor, Newsweek
"[If ] the world only gets marching orders [from America] and not a common vision, it
will be less inclined to follow them. ... [Carrying] a big stick and [speaking] loudly at the
same time ... only turns one into a schoolyard bully. And bullies always have their
comeuppance."
Newt Gingrich
Former Speaker of the House of Representatives
"I will suggest to you that the challenge of U.S. dominance, which none of us fully
appreciate yet, is that we are like a 12,000 pound elephant in the world's living room,
and we wake up in the morning and we shake our head because we think we're still a cute
hamster like we were with Jefferson and Adams, and our trunk breaks five pieces of family
china. And the entire planet stares in horror, and we have no clue."
Madeleine Albright
Former Secretary of State
"The idea that Americans -- residents of the most powerful land in history -- are now truly
living in fear of bin Laden has failed to impress the majority of people around the globe,
whose concerns about terrorism are dwarfed by the challenge they face in simply staying
alive despite the ever-present perils of poverty, hunger, and disease. The United States'
cause would therefore be heard more clearly and listened to more closely if [we] substituted
bridges for bluster and spoke more often of choices relevant to the day-to-day lives of more
of the world's people. That means spelling out consistently not only what Americans are
against, but also what they are for, and making clear that this includes helping people
everywhere live richer, freer, and longer lives."
Leslie Gelb
Former President, Council on Foreign Relations
Justine A. Rosenthal
Former President, Council on Foreign Relations
"Morality, values, ethics, universal principles -- the whole panoply of ideals in
international affairs that were once almost the exclusive domain of preachers and
scholars -- have taken root in the hearts, or at least the minds, of the foreign policy
community. ... Moral matters ... are now a constant force that cannot be overlooked when
it comes to policy effectiveness abroad or political support at home."
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